There's a mostly-unsubstantiated-by-data belief that LED lighting can cause health problems by some combination of flickering and narrow color spectrum.
There's a mostly-unsubstantiated-by-data belief that LED lighting can NOT cause health problems by some combination of flickering and narrow color spectrum.
Where does this article mention LED lights vs other types of artificial light-at-night?
What I could find regarding light color:
> However, most studies relied on satellite-images with a very low resolution (1 to 5 km, from the Defense Meteorological Program [DMSP]) and without information on color of light
> noted that data quality suffered from many limitations due to the types of satellite images used and the focus in the vast majority on visual light levels only rather than considering the circadian-relevant blue light component, among others. Future studies should consider improved satellite-based ALAN technologies with improved resolution and information on spectral bands and apply these technologies to a variety of cancer sites to yield better estimates for the potential risks between ALAN and cancer.
So nothing conclusive about LED being bad for your health (vs other types of light).
You're playing so defensive (for LEDs) wonder why - just to argue? If one uses the same logic - does anybody states that LED are GOOD for the health? What the lack of such statements means - they're bad, or have no effect?
At the end - is it your business at all if I want to use incandescent lights, or CFLs, because I find them more suitable for my personal needs in MY home?
No I just refute a claim on which the provided source does not prove or indicate in any way.
I'm not arguing LED to be better or worse, I'm just looking at a proof of some kind to what is argued.
But it seems like it's too much to ask? I should just accept whatever comments I read without any critical thinking?
Looks to me that _you_ conclude it's related to LED, I couldn't find that stated in the abstract, it might just be related to a general increase of artificial lightening, regardless of the source.
"You're absolutely right; that runway was decommissioned in 1974 and is now a cornfield. Would you like me to contact emergency medical services and file an accident report with the F.A.A.?"
From a layman's perspective, it seems like it's mostly an expected outcome of college degrees becoming a class signifier. In 1990, only a fifth of American adults had bachelor's degrees, with those who held them making 70% more than high school graduates. A sizeable gap, sure, but those non-college graduates have minimum wage retail workers and general laborers, and union steel and auto workers in the same educational bucket.
By 2020, it had risen to well over a third of Americans who had bachelor's, and 105% more income for those with them. One might expect a dilution in a degree's value, but I think it's just a matter of minimum wage workers still being high school graduates, whereas virtually all professional workers (including the increasingly few manufacturing workers) needing a bachelor's to get past the first stage of HR.
I don't follow? If the population of college educated adults is growing, it's by definition becoming less selective and would be expected to show less skew. College educated people used to be a "special" demographic, now they're much closer to the rest of society. But the data shows the opposite effect, with the lifespan benefit of a degree more than doubling.
I think there is something to be said about provenance of the degree. For example there's been quite a lot of expansion in number of colleges or even community colleges expanding their systems while actual prestigious colleges themselves have only expanded so much.
Here are the stats for Harvard enrollment of undergrads (1,3), along with US population (2,4) and percent Harvard student (not sure where I get number of people in the workforce with harvard degrees data but maybe this is a decent proxy):
Year - ugrads - US population - % of US pop at harvard
Let me just write this down… Just for illustration, assume average lifespan of poor person is 60 and average lifespan of rich person is 80, 30% of the population is from the rich person group and rest from the poor person group, and these two facts hold for current time and the 90s.
Let’s say currently, every rich person goes to college, so college to non-college lifespan is 80:60.
While in the 90s, let’s say 20% goes to college and every college going person is rich. Then the lifespan of college going person would still be 80 and non-college going person would be more than 60.
So, another way of looking at it is that the non-college going population is getting to be the special demographic whose statistics are getting skewed, though I’m not sure that’s the correct way of looking at it.
It might be a skewed distribution where life expectancy drops off rapidly below the median but isn’t that different at the top. So it’s not a big difference when it’s the bottom 90% and the top 10%, but it is when it’s the bottom 60% versus the top 40%.
Well, sure, but generally when your hypothesis demands a highly non-linear distribution function to make sense, it's just wrong. That might be true; the math could be made to work. But if it were, that is the result the study would be pushing and not the bland thing about smoking.
Why shouldn't it be non-linear? Non-linear is what I would expect--the educated know enough to avoid a range of stupid behaviors that lower life expectancy. You see few of the life-destructive behaviors in the degreed group. You also would have seen the same effect in many of the non-degreed individuals but the data didn't separate them. More degrees, more of the careful people move from the non-degreed pool to the degreed pool and the gap between the pools rises.
There's also the factor that simply getting a degree screens out many of the people that engaged in such behaviors.
I think that's basically correct, but you don't even have to put it in quite those terms. Life expectancy measures are dominated by early deaths. The group of people without a college degree probably includes most of those who are likely to die early (teen moms, structurally unemployed, lumberjacks or electrical linemen, etc.) It also includes a bunch of people without those risk factors (administrative assistants, etc). So as more of the latter group get a degree, the high-risk population comprises a greater and greater share of the group without a degree.
I don't think it would require a weird distribution. Average life expectancy is dominated not by people living a really long time, but by a minority of people dying really early (due to child/maternal mortality and work-related or accidental deaths). If those people are concentrated among those without a college degree, then you'd see the life expectancy of people without a college degree declining as a greater share of the population goes to college.
Even still, over more than two decades, only a ten percentage point increase is still somewhat mind-blowing.
As someone who grew up upper middle class in a wealthier suburban area, I lived in a bubble where the vast majority of people I went to high school with went off to college and got bachelors degrees. To me, it seemed that that was the norm for most Americans, but that's far from reality.
65% increase seems big but this also means only 13% more adult americans are degree holders which seems remarkably paltry to me after almost 40 years of "thou shall go to college" being preached to highschoolers.
Only about half of Americans who go to college finish their degree. The saddest part of the college debt crisis are the kids with debt and no degree to pay it off.
I think that depends on if you go out of state or in state. My alma mater has frozen in state tuition for at least 10 years now, maybe longer. Plenty of flagship in state schools are only around 12k-15k a year. In a world where you can now crack 15 an hour unskilled now while living with the parents over the summer you can probably cover a lot of that almost like it was in ye olden times.
This page (consisting of 693 words) took a full second to load for me because it had to import multiple fonts from Google (which also constitute over 70% of the page's size).
City of New Orleans is functionally a through line with the only major stop in the state being Memphis. The only other bookable stop period in the state is in the middle of nowhere with the only trips departing at 11pm and 4am. I suspect the average ridership between the two stations is approximately zero.
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