I think that for some genres of music (or perhaps anything "not electronic"), another problem lies in audio synthesis. Part of that "soul" lies not just in the notes played, the volume they are played at, and the duration they are played, but also in manipulation of timbre, the type of attack, and all the other expressive factors that a skillful player of an instrument can bring out. As a brass and wind instrument player, it's painfully obvious to me whenever a song uses fake trumpets or cheesy synthesized shakuhachi. Even for something like violins providing chords behind a melody, it's not hard to discern when they are real and when they are fake. So if we really wanted to make it double-blind, we'd need the actual sound produced to be at a level of a professional musician -- I'd imagine having musicians play back generated sheet music wouldn't work, as they would necessarily impart their own interpretation.
But as another commenter said, part of what makes human art interesting is the life experience that forms it. If you reduce music to merely sound, then yes, nothing prevents artifically-generated music from competing against human music. Perhaps we will discover that there is nothing which distinguishes between the two can be heard. But the story of human life that produces the sound of Lee Morgan vs Miles Davis, or hearing the influence of a mentor like Katsuya Yokoyama in a pupil like Tajima Tadashi performing songs others have also performed, is to me as interesting as the music they produce.
Ultimately, any algorithm will possess biases present from its original authorship by a human who has tuned it to to "sound right," which is shaped by their own life experiences... so can artificially generated music ever be considered purely artificially generated? (You could also go into things like, for music in non-equal temperament scales, why did the algorithm's author pick a particular tuning?)
Finally, one thing I'd like to add is that I could see cases where abstract music would actually be more challenging than structured western music. An algorithm that could compose a compelling shakuhachi honkyoku would be impressive.
But as another commenter said, part of what makes human art interesting is the life experience that forms it. If you reduce music to merely sound, then yes, nothing prevents artifically-generated music from competing against human music. Perhaps we will discover that there is nothing which distinguishes between the two can be heard. But the story of human life that produces the sound of Lee Morgan vs Miles Davis, or hearing the influence of a mentor like Katsuya Yokoyama in a pupil like Tajima Tadashi performing songs others have also performed, is to me as interesting as the music they produce.
Ultimately, any algorithm will possess biases present from its original authorship by a human who has tuned it to to "sound right," which is shaped by their own life experiences... so can artificially generated music ever be considered purely artificially generated? (You could also go into things like, for music in non-equal temperament scales, why did the algorithm's author pick a particular tuning?)
Finally, one thing I'd like to add is that I could see cases where abstract music would actually be more challenging than structured western music. An algorithm that could compose a compelling shakuhachi honkyoku would be impressive.