"With the high approach speed a hyper-velocity impactor to produce a gas 'puff' to sample with a mass spectrometer could be the serious option to get in-situ data."
This seems to assume it could never be an artificially made object.
Yes, but if it is artificial the owners might react differently to an intentional collision by another artificial craft than they would to a chance collision with a small asteroid even if no damage is done.
Fun fact: “The Dig” was originally planned to be a Spielberg movie, but the cost of special effects made them change it into a Lucasarts Point-and-click adventure game instead.
Due to the endless complaints from environmentalists, the hyperspace express route crossing through Earth's solar system, as planned by the Vogons, has be postponed indefinitely. Travelers are advised to avoid the rather patchy B roads in the sector.
This seems to assume it could never be an artificially made object.