One consequence is the reduction of trust and perceived-value in the global economy, which reduces our capacity for investment and growth*

As far as I can tell, as long as the economy runs super well and everybody trusts that it'll continue to do so, we are all able to collectively defer debt among ourselves to invest in augmenting our production capacity right now. In practice this means people trust that the work (or product) that they are doing (or delivering) now can be payed later, so they can wait to be paid. Meanwhile that work (or product) can be put to use _right now_ to increase production as a whole.

I'm certain someone with a more formal grasp of macroeconomics can explain this better.(Maybe even yourself, if that was a rhetorical question)

* many caps apply, and IMO foremost the accelerated consumption of natural resources is the most critical one. Eternally growing economies mean eternally accelerating change of the natural environment.