The TL;DR; version, basically async/await, the UWP AOT compiler, improved handling of value types, spans (aka slices), improved GC (TryStartNoGCRegion()) have their roots in System C# used in Midori.
Also there are some influences of Singularity, namely Bartok and MDIL, on the WP 8.x AOT compiler, but that is not longer relevant.
Ah, so you meant the standard innovations that came out of Midori. I thought you were talking about some new abstraction I hadn't heard of called "outcomes". ¯\_(ツ)_/¯