Anything that involves solving the Navier-Stokes equations, e.g., weather forecast, hurricane prediction

Optimisation problems (pairing/rostering).

- Video processing

- Ray tracing

- Data mining

- Data compression

- Financial market modeling

- Any kind of large-scale optimization

Agreed, financial modelling for sure. There is a breakpoint in terms of development cost and velocity when data exploration / processing can be done on a single machine vs. needing to scale out across multiple machines. I've had a lot of success optimizing my data oriented projects to being able to run on a single beefy computer.

Games are kinda, but in terms of development it's definitely bound by creativity and art.

Crypto right?

Cryptography - Not really, encoding data can happen at quite high speed these days.

Cryptocurrency - "Proof of Work" will ALWAYS be a hard problem, the faster you make your solved, the harder the problem scales.

Really? How so? (Genuine question, not being snarky)