You wouldn't pay US tax on the first ~$100k of non US income. With remote work that distinction is important, for instance youtube payments from advertisers for US viewers are US income even if you make the videos outside of the US and are not a US resident or citizen starting this year.
For the local taxes, there are a lot of other taxes besides income tax the local government benefits from
I think worth to mention there is distinction between being resident and tax resident. I think matter is getting more complicated if someone working via limited company setup in different country instead of self-employed.
For the local taxes, there are a lot of other taxes besides income tax the local government benefits from