Funny, I took over a modern python service and I was pretty shocked at what I inherited. Long gone are the days of "There's one way to do things".

Instead, this thing would give the most "enterprisey" Spring JEE application a run for its money with its endless annotations, dependency injection magic, all sorts of pseudo-types - both the "built-in" Python 3 ones like Set and List, but also the libraries like Pydantic. But unlike Java, these types aren't even really guaranteed by the language at compile time, so even if your IDE plugin can successfully detect them, things will still (silently) slip through at runtime.

The async functionality that's been bolted on to the language is worse than even the old and confusing Java multi-threading primitives, and the funny thing is it still doesn't actually run things in multiple threads. For that, your simple Rest API is running on layers of C programs like Uvicorn which itself is then wrapped by another few processes running Gunicorn which in turn is probably running behind NGINX. LOL, and we thought the Servlet stuff with Tomcat and JBoss was clunky - this is insane.

To be honest, if there ever was a sweet spot for Python, it would have been for smaller code bases that weren't complex enough for big "enterprisey" langs like .Net or Java, but were more permanent and complex than shell scripts or (back in the day) Perl could handle.

But nowadays, I don't think modern Python fits any use case real well. It's still dynamically typed, slow, single-threaded, and has a poorly managed ecosystem and hodge-podge of tools like virtualenv, pyenv, poetry, etc. that never quite become standardized and stable.

So unless you've got a bunch of Python experts who aren't interested in moving to a better lang, I'd find it hard to go with Python for new projects.

> ...endless annotations, dependency injection magic, all sorts of pseudo-types

This sounds like what happens when a bunch of Java/C# developers jump over to python without learning the "python way" - this is more related to the developers than the project

> But nowadays, I don't think modern Python fits any use case real well

Python has effectively taken over the data science / machine learning space. For most use cases, the algorithms are massively more important than the language.

> poorly managed ecosystem and hodge-podge of tools like virtualenv, pyenv, poetry, etc. that never quite become standardized and

This is true, but Java and C# also have many issues in this respect. The move from Java 8->11 is particularly painful - many fundamental libraries related to security or connection handling were not backwards compatible. Many libraries now require multiple branches for different JDK levels. Maven and Nuget are about as good as pip - they all have weird edge cases.

I use both Java and Python on a daily basis - each has their strengths and weaknesses. Java is great if need long running processes with weeks/months of uptime, Python is great for backend data manipulation and analysis.

Long gone are the days when Python was a hacker tool. It’s been an enterprise thing since startups got wind of the fact that it could be used to attract programmers, to attract VCs.