I would suggest taking a look at strong migrations[1]. It's a rails project, but the readme does a great job explaining what it checks for and what safe alternative to use instead. I still link to their explanations in PRs for non-rails projects. The examples unfortunately use the Rails migration DSL instead of plain SQL. If anyone knows of a SQL-first reference, I'd love to hear about it.

[1]: https://github.com/ankane/strong_migrations#checks