I’ve worked on many large rails apps at scale and large Java apps at scale. There has been no significant difference in the big count between them despite Java having static types.
Java has a bad type system that makes it awkward to express many well-typedness guarantees (too much boilerplate to create new types (classes or interfaces), no sum types (tagged unions), no null safety, exceptions are a mess especially with lambdas, and don't get me started about all the reflection madness of popular frameworks that throws type-safety out of the window, etc.). As a result you don't get much safety in exchange for all the boilerplate. Still, I find Java massively easier to refactor. You can remove a field from a class and verify that you've changed all the places that were using it (barring reflection, of course). In Rails, that requires at least running the whole testsuite which could be very slow (because Rails tests are often very slow). And even then, you have no guarantee you didn't miss a particular case.
Languages with better type systems do exist (Rust, Swift, Kotlin, from what I hear even typescript?, and all ML type languages including Haskell, ...). They are much better at preventing bugs. My life became better when I had to stop worrying about NPEs, for example.
