I don't know about the Mac Studio, but the Macbook Pro can exceed its stated power consumption limit. USB-C is a very plausible way, but I doubt it has over 100W of USB-C PD budget, and PSU included is 370W continuous, so it still has headroom for devices.
The Studio Ultra has six Thunderbolt 4 ports. Each port is required to deliver at least 15W by the TB4 standard, so that’s already 90W. Add some budget for the USB-A ports and you are near 100W for power delivery.
It looks like the max power consumption of the Mac Studio is 215w. https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213100