If the CV joint can handle peeling out it can handle brake torque. The link between tire and ground is basically always the weak point.

I’m not sure about that. Most cars can stop way faster than they can accelerate. The differences in force would be even more extreme for front wheel drive cars where the weight transfer allows for more grip on the front wheels during braking compared to accelerating or peeling out.

Cars have about 700hp of braking. Drop a 700hp motor in a car and have fun using the factory CV/half shafts.

You won't break anything without some big sticky tires to transmit that power to the ground and that (but for braking) is exactly my point.

If the wheel is sliding the torque on the wheel will be lower than if the tires were grippier. I guess the comparison is if braking is high (de)-acceleration than the engine. I'm thinking your idea has a lot of the same stresses as engine braking.