Dylan does work in a similar way. One issue is that we don't go far enough yet, particularly with functions, so while you can specify a vector of integers, you can't (yet) specify a function that takes an integer parameter, just a function. We'd like to do something about that this year.

Recently, there is some activity to revive Dylan.

http://opendylan.org/

In fact, we're working towards a new release in the coming month or so. :)