If your program is written in Java, most likely not. I've never tried it, but I imagine it most likely won't interact with Java's garbage collector too well.

If it's a native program - possibly, depending on whether it's possible to LD_PRELOAD on Android, but you'd most likely have to connect to it through SSH and launch your program that way.

(Sorry, I have very little experience with Android so I can't really be of too much help here)