Thanks for your response, and no it was not a troll but a serious (albeit naive) question. Thank you for answering my question with good references and very respectfully. I actually do know a fair amount about Arduino and I should have put it together that the 328 wouldn't be anywhere near fast enough. I'm sure it would be pretty easy to run it on a Raspberry Pi and I have been clamoring to get my hands on a RasPi but am still in the preorder queue :/
But Arduino also has the upcoming Arduino Due which is based on a 32bit ARM Cortex M3, which still may be powerful enough. I guess I would revise my question to be would it be possible to get this (or something similar) running in the Arduino Environment, regardless of speed (without a full OS stack)?
looking at the specs for it, there might still be an issue of ram, since the ATSAM3X8E has only 100kb of ram. if you limit what you do you can likely get some form of it working but to be honest i'm not sure how limited that would be at the moment. You'd certainly have to lower the resolution to something like 160x120, since even 320x240 would take up 192kb of ram in raw rgb. so limited resolution, possibly even doing it in yuv with 4:2:0 like it's a low quality jpeg would probably be possible, but you would end up having some things more difficult to work with e.g. find the red ball. speed wise at 84-85mhz it ought to be good enough to do the processing at a few frames per second which for lots of things would likely be good enough.
all of this is just speculation based off of what i found googling the chip on it, and then the libccv might not even fit on the 512kb flash it has for the program you put on it.
my thought would be, bight the bullet and go with a raspberry pi or something like that for doing image processing, faster cpu, more ram, and you could hook it up to something like the arduino due, to do other logic, and have the due ask it questions like, "where is the ball" etc.
But Arduino also has the upcoming Arduino Due which is based on a 32bit ARM Cortex M3, which still may be powerful enough. I guess I would revise my question to be would it be possible to get this (or something similar) running in the Arduino Environment, regardless of speed (without a full OS stack)?