Color Dot Encodings is interesting, you could encode data in a floor mozaic. And with my limited understanding the more colours the high the amount of data?
You could encode data in monolithic structures this way. They'd last longer than paper and given future generations lots of confusion trying to figure out the meaning.
Just "backup" the data with duplication. For example you could color the floor beneath the mosaic, and the grout used for each tile, so as each layer is removed or faded, it still lasts a little longer. Duplicate your mosaic on both the floor and the ceiling. Duplicate your mosaic in multiple buildings in multiple cities.
You could encode data in monolithic structures this way. They'd last longer than paper and given future generations lots of confusion trying to figure out the meaning.