On my Renault Megane e-Tech, the Android infotainment system sometimes requires a reboot while driving. If I have the route visualized on the instrument cluster screen, that stays working fine while the infotainment reboots.

So clearly entirely separate systems, despite it is obviously also running Google maps to show the route. Presumably this is quite common.

Well we're talking about a Chinese-made car purchased and driven in Germany, so I'm not sure what American safety standards have to do with the situation...

Cars which are built to sell into the US market (Japanese and European) all follow these regulations. If the EU has similar laws, then a Chinese car that sells into the EU would need to follow the same rules here, but I don't know enough about EU safety regulations to be sure.