If all of those compilers share an ancestor compiler (in other words, if we think GCC is compromised and if Clang was originally bootstrapped with a compromised GCC), then I don't think that would be effective (although code that 'infects' not just future compilers of the same family (GCC that 'infects' future GCC's) but also any future compiler would be incredibly clever, to put it mildly).
Even if that were not the case, if the hypothesis is that GCC was compromised at some point in the past by a shadowy organization, then you have to consider the possibility that this shadowy organization also got to the other compilers. I think that is where probability steps in though; how confident are you that at least some of the compilers are still safe (or perhaps, at least compromised in conflicting ways)?
The TCC binary is small enough that it is eminently tractable to inspect it all by hand (or with IDA Pro if you are the rich kind of hacker). Binaries aren't black boxes, they're just code, only like it's written by a demented cowboy coder with really bad taste in variable names.
The problem is that hypothetically any tools you use on a computer could be compromised (by their compiler, or otherwise) to not show you truthful results on your screen. IDA Pro (and other tools at your disposal) may recognize certain patterns in binaries and know to show you a transformation of those patterns instead. This transformation would essentially be the reverse of the transformation that the compiler performs.
If you are able to inspect the actual contents of the program, not the output of a program that itself inspects the actual contents of the program, then this problem disappears. You have to examine the machine code without an intermediary program that could lie to you.
(Of course it is very unlikely that IDA Pro, objdump, or even 'od' is compromised in this way, but I would say this class of attack is largely hypothetical and implausible already...)
Edit:
From wikipedia: "What's worse, in Thompson's proof of concept implementation, the subverted compiler also subverted the analysis program (the disassembler), so that anyone who examined the binaries in the usual way would not actually see the real code that was running, but something else instead."
