The advantage of a cab over Uber is that you don't pay until the end of the trip. If you know you've been ripped off, get out of the cab and walk away without paying. Tell them to call the cops and explain why you aren't paying. What are they going to do?
Of course, this requires that you know you're getting ripped off.
I don't think you need to actually fight, just walk away. I'm thinking specifically of Las Vegas, and you've taken the cab from the airport to your hotel. Is the cab driver going to run through the lobby of the Bellagio and tackle you? No. Who is the hotel staff going to side with, their customer or a cab driver where they know cab drivers routinely rip off their customers?
The cab driver is exploiting your reluctance to make a fuss to get a small amount of extra money. You can turn right around and exploit the fact that by breaking the law they've removed any recourse they have for getting you to pay. If enough people did it, eventually the scam would not be worth trying anymore.
Of course, this requires that you know you're getting ripped off.