You will then get an email to the nominated email address in the form telling you the case is opened. Don't get your hopes up just yet.
A while later you'll get an email telling you that you're not entitled to support because you're on the free plan, and to go through the self reset options (which you already did, presumably via https://accounts.google.com/signin/recovery)
If you reply and explain that you've done this, and you're still getting <the error message specific for you> - it may be assigned to a human. If it's not, try again, maybe with a new case. You will need to be patient - expect 24-48 hours between you sending them email and them responding.
For me, they wanted me to prove domain ownership (TXT records), as well as a whole bunch of information about the account and it's users.
Once I submitted the ownership information it took several more days, and then they send you a one-time reset link to reset the password (yes, even though I knew it).